Question 1
(a) C5H9N3
(b)
(c) The amine groups, as hydrogen bonds can form between the lone pair on the very electronegative nitrogen atom and the slightly positive hydrogen atom in a water molecule.
Question 2
(a) C16H21N3
(b) Both have an ethylamine group (-CH2-CH2-N-)
Question 3
Those that produce a physiological response in the body:
-Amphetamine
-Morphine
-Estrogen
-Aspirin
Those that inhibit the growth of substances that cause infections:
-Antibiotic (Keflex)
-Penicillin
Question 4
(a) Because of the inherent complexity of naturally grown medicinal plants and the often variable nature of cultivated ones, the examples of contamination with toxic medicinal plants and/or plant parts and the number and small quantity of defined active ingredients, the production, and primary processing has a direct influence on the quality of herbal medicines. For this reason, application of good manufacturing practices in the manufacture of herbal medicines is an essential tool to assure their quality.
As a result, most manufacturers of herbal medicines have now incorporated necessary details in the product design, such as the list of ingredients, the recommended dosage, warnings (eg. not suitable for pregnant women or those taking certain Western medicine concurrently), as well as the place of manufacture. Product labels are almost always conspicuously displayed and elaborate leaflets are also almost always included in the product.
In Singapore, manufactured alternative products are subjected to screening by respective authorities for safety and control before being marketed.
(b) According to HSA, these Acts cover health supplements:
A. Medicines Act (Chapter 176) & its Subsidiary Legislation especially:
i. Medicines (Prohibition of Sale & Supply) Order;
ii. Medicines (Traditional Medicines, Homoeopathic Medicines and Other
Substances) (Exemption) Order;
iii. Medicines (Non-Medicinal Products)(Consolidation) Order;
iv. Medicines (Labelling) Regulations;
v. Medicines (Medical Advertisements) Regulations;
vi. Medicines (Licensing, Standard Provisions & Fees) Regulations
B. Medicines (Advertisement & Sale) Act (Chapter 177)
C. Sale of Drugs Act (Chapter 282) & its Regulations especially:
i. Sale of Drugs (Prohibited Substances) Regulations;
ii. Sale of Drugs (Prohibited Drugs) (Consolidation) Regulations;
iii. Sale of Drugs (Rhodamine B) Regulations 1993
D. The Poisons Act (Chapter 234) & The Poisons Rules
References
Health Supplements Guidelines (PDF). (2015). http://www.hsa.gov.sg/content/dam/hsa/hprg/complementary_health_products/overview_framework_policies/health_supplements/hsguidelines.pdf