Acids and bases are reactive, and they can react with different groups of molecules list below:
Acid-base reaction (Neutralisation)
Acid + Base → Salt + Water
Example: HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)
Conjugate acid-base pairs
Acid + Base → Conjugate Acid + Conjugate Base HA + B → A– + BH+
Example: HClO2 + H2O → H3O+ + ClO2–
Reactions with acids
Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen
Example: 2HCl (aq) + Mg (s) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
Acid + Carbonate → Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
Example: 2HCl (aq) + CaCO3 (aq) → 2CaCl (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
Acid + Metal Oxide → Salt + Water
Example: 2HCl (aq) + Zn(OH)2 (aq) → ZnCl2 (aq) + 2H2O (l)
Reaction with bases
Base + Ammonium Salt → Salt + Water + Ammonia
Example: NaOH (aq) + NH4Cl (aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O (l) + NH3 (g)
Base + Non-metal Oxide → Salt + Water
Example: 2NaOH (aq) + SO3 (aq) → Na2SO4 (aq) + H2O (l)