Monthly Archives: February 2017

Meeting’s Log 3

Location: Tables outside LT 23
Time: 3pm – 4.30pm

Team members who attended:
Andrew, ChungKei, Elyza, Jerome and Michael.

Team members who did not attend: N/A

Topics discussed:
1. Discuss about plans for the blog
2. AE 5

Tasks to be done before the next meeting:
1. Send answers to Jerome
2. Jerome posts onto the blog.
3. Research on our selected topic.

Problems: N/A

Plan of action:
Wait for Professor Felipe to approve of our topic selection.
Meet up during Recess Week

CM8001 – Application Exercise 5 (23/02/2017)

  1. Water purification tablets: Commercially available tablets containing iodine or chloride-based chemicals used to disinfect water.
    Compared to boiling water, it may be less effective in killing bacteria, protozoa, or viruses, but it is less costly & less bulky to carry than boiling equipments.
    This method is similar to the chlorination process in water treatment, which uses chemicals (chlorine in particular) to kill disease-causing organismsBoiling: The most primitive yet effective way to treat water.
    Compared to water purification tablets, boiling is more effective in killing bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. However, the equipments required to boil water are more expensive & more bulky to carry around.

    Portable pump filter: Some commercially available filter uses ceramic filter as the cartridge to filter impurities in water. It can filter up to the micrometer. This filters most of the bacteria, making water safer to drink. It is portable and easy to carry during outdoor activities, hiking.
    However, it is less effective in filtering viruses since they are generally smaller in size. Also, depending on the types of filters, the price varies. It is still generally more expensive as compared to boiling and water purification tablets.
    Portable pump filter is analogous to the filtration method used in water treatment. It is only a scale down version since it is made portable.

  2. Although desalination techniques have their technological effectiveness, the energy required to use the techniques are so high that it’s too costly and expensive for a lot of countries, especially third world countries. The desalination plants itself are expensive to build as well.
    There are also environmental concerns as desalination plants take in salt water from the ocean and this is harmful to ocean life as the water travels straight from the ocean directly into the plant. There is also waste created during the process. When the salt is removed from the seawater, a waste called brine is produced. Water containing brine is denser and as a result will sink to the bottom of the ocean. Therefore, resulting in the lack of oxygen which will eventually kill marine-life.
    Besides environmental concerns concerning the ocean, desalination techniques also produces greenhouse gases.
  3.  a) The major source of the lead is from solder in pipe joint or directly from lead pipe.
    b)- Research activities should not contribute to lead in drinking water and disposed of using prescribed method or redesign the chemistry experiment to avoid using lead and any other toxic metal ions.
    – Using two plumbing system, one for the tap/drinking water service system and the other for sanitary or disposal system, so the two pipes doesn’t come in contact
  4. The water-soluble vitamins, vitamins B and C, are polar whilst the fat-soluble proteins are non-polar. Polar molecules will have the ability to form permanent dipole – permanent dipole interactions with water however non-polar molecules cannot as even if their are polar bonds within the molecule, the fact that the majority of the molecule being non-polar would make the molecule insoluble.

CM8001 – Application Exercise 4 (15/02/2017)

Q1) Instead of directly reflecting back to space, most of the energy leaving the Earth’s surface can be trapped and retained by the greenhouse gases at the atmosphere (e.g. Methane, Ozone, Carbon dioxide, water vapour, Nitrous oxide). Hence, this maintains the Earth’s temperature and will not cool rapidly.

Q2) The statement is incorrect because the rise of temperature as the cause of global warming may be intensifying the effects of the jet stream’s position, which in the winter can cause extreme cold weather and caused extreme climate change and that is why winter not reducing global warming effect but in contrary bring more harm.

Q3) The surround atmosphere contains water vapour. When the radar tries to detect the target, it will also trigger the rotation of the water molecules at the same time. This will lead to an inaccuracy in the signals given out during the detection.

Q4)  Among the 3, air quality problem poses the most serious threat in the short run.
The reason is that the effects of such problem are immediately felt (e.g. rise in CO level in air leads to harmful health effects, sometimes death, within minutes);
whereas effects of the other two are more concerned towards the future (e.g. rise in sea level is not much of a threat now, but could displace many shore-based population in several decades ahead if current trend is kept).

Global warming would pose the most serious threat in the long run.
Some long term threats include,

• More frequent intense droughts that would reduce the supply of agriculture whilst the demand is increasing due to an increased in global population size

• Increase in ocean temperatures which threatens the marine biodiversity and the loss of habitat (e.g. Rising temperatures on the Great Barrier Reef leads to coral bleaching, corals die, loss of habitat for marine life, loss of marine life)

• Rising sea levels which threatens countries such as The Netherlands, where more than half of the country is below sea level, and rising sea levels will pose social and economical problems to the country.

• Reduction in the amount of artic sea ice to a point of complete annihilation.

Meeting Log 2

Location: North Spine tables near McDonald’s
Time: 2pm – 2.30pm

Team members who attended:
Andrew, ChungKei, Elyza, Jerome and Michael.

Team members who did not attend: N/A

Topics discussed:
1. Blog’s ‘About The Team’ page.

Tasks to be done before the next meeting: N/A

Problems: N/A

Plan of action:
Wait for Professor Felipe to approve of our topic selection.

Meeting Log 1

Location: Benches outside LT23
Time: 3pm – 4pm

Team members who attended:
Andrew, ChungKei, Elyza, Jerome and Michael.

Team members who did not attend: N/A

Topics discussed:
1. Selection of topic in Chapter 5 – Water for Life, reason for picking the concepts.
2. AE4

Tasks to be done before the next meeting:
Submit Topic Selection email to Professor Felipe – Jerome

AE4
Q1 – Jerome
Q2 – Michael
Q3 – ChungKei
Q4 – Andrew & Elyza

Problems: N/A

Plan of action:
Wait for Professor Felipe to approve of our topic selection.

CM8001 – Application Exercise 3 (8/02/2017)

  1. From personal experience, state whether these processes are endothermic or exothermic. Give a reason for each.
    a. A charcoal briquette burns
    answer: Exothermic. When charcoal briquette is ignited, it gives out heat.b. Water evaporates from your skin
    answer:
    Exothermic. Water takes in heat from my skin in order to evaporate.c. Ice melts
    answer:
    Exothermic. Ice takes in heat from the surrounding in order to melt.
  2. Chemical explosions are very exothermic reactions. Describe the relative bond strengths in the reactants and products that would make for a good explosion.
    answer:
    Enthalpy change = (sum of bond energy broken, positive value) – (sum of bond energy formed, negative value)
    Explosion is an exothermic reaction with a negative enthalpy. A good explosion needs to have a large negative enthalpy.
    Hence, the bond strength of reactants has to be smaller than that of the products.
  3. How might you explain the difference between temperature and heat to a friend? Use some practical, everyday examples.
    answer:
    a. Heat is the total energy of molecular motion in a substance while temperature is a measure of the average energy of molecular motion in a substance.
    b. Heat is energy while temperature is not.
    c. Heat depends on the number and speed of particle while temperature does not.
    Examples: Temperature of a small cup of water might be the same with water in a large tub. However the large tub of water has more heat because it has more water, thus has more total thermal energy.
  4. A premium gasoline available at most stations has an octane rating of 98. What does that tell you about:
    a. the knocking characteristics of the gasoline?
    answer:
    The gasoline has the knocking characteristics similar to the combination of 98% of iso-octane and 2% heptane.b. whether the fuel contains oxygenates?
    answer:
    The presence of oxygenated cannot be determined simply by the octane rating as the octane rating only functions to describe the characteristics of the gasoline. An octane rating of 98 can be derived from a mixture of oxygenates such as MTBE, Methanol or ethanol with octane, or heptane and it can also be derived from a mixture of isooctane with octane or heptane which are both not oxygenates.

CM8001 Unit 2 – Protecting the Ozone Layer

Today I Learned:

future_ozone_layer_concentrations

  • Ozone layer is a layer of (relatively) high concentration of ozone (O3) located in the atmosphere

index-39

  • Ozone layer absorbs most of UV light emitted from the sun, whose radiation is harmful towards biological cells

figure1

  • Ozone layer is damaged by the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which are used mainly as refrigerant

clouds

  • Ozone layer located in the South Pole receive more damage during September to October due to increasing amount of chlorine radicals, which are released by UV radiation from chemicals which production is catalyzed by the Polar Stratospheric Cloud (PSC) during winter

(Disclaimer: All images are taken from Google Images. All rights belong to the respective owners)

About The Ozone Layer

Today we discussed about the Ozone Layer in our class, CM8001.

We learnt about the importance of the Ozone Layer; it absorbs some UV radiation,
learnt where the Ozone Layer is; the Stratosphere,
ozone1
learnt that the chlorine atoms in CFCs act as the catalyst that decompose the Ozone Layer,
learnt that UV-A is the region of the ultraviolet spectrum least absorbed by the atmosphere (honestly I didn’t even know there was more than 1 region),
index-39
but one of the most important thing we learnt today is that the Ozone Layer is not equal throughout.
Some parts of the Ozone Layer contains more Ozone than others, and with no prior knowledge in this subject/topic might not know this because of the name “Ozone Layer” which might be misleading.

I give today’s lesson a 10/10 for information and knowledge acquired.
#chemrocks