Application Exercises 9 — 05/04/17
- a) C5H9N3
b) 
- c) The hydrogens and the amine functional group are making histamine a water-soluble compound.
- a) C20H22N3
- b) The presence of cyclic functional groups and nitrogen elements are structural similarities between histamine and antihistamines.
| drugs creating a physiological response in the body | drugs inhibiting the growth of substances that cause infections |
| aspirin
morphine estrogen amphetamine |
antibiotic (Keflex)
penicilin |
- a) Herbal supplement manufacturers could argue that natural remedies such as herbs are known and used for centuries and generations and it worths all the clinical tests.
b) As a matter of fact we did not know anything about Singapore’s legislation on drugs but after some researches we can say that drug abuse is very severely punished in Singapore, some drugs are subsidised by the government and traditional chinese medicine is regulated by law (form and dosages). “Regulatory requirements for Chinese medicines are the same GMP rules used for conventional pharmaceuticals. Control mechanisms for CPM requirements include marketing authorization requirements and licensing of manufacturers. Regulatory requirements for safety include traditional use without demonstrated harmful effects, toxic heavy metal content and microbial content testing, and absence of prohibited ingredients. Licensing of dealers and product approval are required for every CPM product imported, manufactured or assembled.There are currently no registration requirements for herbal medicines and none are included on a national essential drug list; however, a listing system has been established for CPM products. The post marketing surveillance system for all herbal medicines has included adverse effect monitoring since 1993. There are no restrictions on the sale of herbal medicines, as long as they comply with the national regulations.” National policy on traditional medicine and regulation of herbal medicines Report of World Health Organization, Geneva, May 2005