1a. C5H9N3

b. 

c. Amine group and NH group forms hydrogen bonds with water, making histamine water-soluble

 

2a. C16H21N3

b. They both have aromatic rings. Antihistamine competes with histamine to bind with the receptors.

 

3. 

Psychological Response

• Morphine
• Aspirin
• Amphetamine
• Estrogen

Inhibit growth of substances that cause infection

• Penicillin
• Antibiotic (Keflex)

 

4a. For instance the herb “Ma Huang”  (Ephedra) is traditionally used in China to treat respiratory congestion. While it was marketed as dietary supplements formulated for weight reduction in US. Overdosage led to at least a dozen of deaths, heart attacks and stroke.

b. Presently, traditional medicinal materials that are not at finished dosage forms (capsules, tablets, granules) are not subjected to be imported and sold in Singapore. Such medicine also need to state information such as product/brand name, ingredients, dosage, and instructions for use if necessary.